Sajkowski, L.; Bradshaw, D.; Barr, A. 2024 Toward more holistic environmental governance of geothermal mineral extraction in Aotearoa New Zealand. Lower Hutt, NZ: GNS Science. GNS Science report 2023/22. 13 p.; doi: 10.21420/9QQ9-7K54
Abstract
This report discusses environmental considerations and regulatory challenges associated with geothermal mineral extraction in New Zealand. It aims to initiate a dialogue on the potential impacts of mineral extraction from geothermal fluids and proposes a pathway for future research to measure and mitigate these impacts. The report acknowledges the significance of geothermal taonga (treasures) and haukainga (home and community) of Aotearoa New Zealand’s geothermal resources. The report highlights the geothermal systems in Aotearoa New Zealand, primarily located in the Taupo Volcanic Zone, as well as their historical and cultural importance to Maori people. It explores the past and present utilisation of geothermal resources for various purposes, including mineral extraction. The regulatory landscape surrounding geothermal mineral extraction is examined, with a focus on the Resource Management Act 1991 and the Crown Minerals Act 1991.Assessing the health of geothermal systems and associated taonga requires a holistic approach that considers factors such as water level, temperature, composition and aquifer pressure, as well as guardianship (kaitiakitanga) and spiritual (wairuatanga) values of Maori culture. The potential impacts of mineral extraction on geothermal systems are discussed, including changes in temperature and composition that can affect the appearance and biological characteristics of geothermal features. The need for monitoring and reporting to safeguard the environment is emphasised, along with the importance of involving local communities, including Maori, in the ongoing monitoring process. The report concludes by recommending the development of an environmental monitoring plan for geothermal mineral extraction that incorporates input from local communities, particularly Maori communities. It highlights the importance of collaboration, adaptive management, knowledge sharing, ethical considerations, robust policy and regulatory frameworks in ensuring the sustainable and responsible management of geothermal resources through sustainable resource use towards zero waste. (auths)
